Monday, June 16, 2008

Costa Rica has been Called the Hawaii of Central America

Considering a romantic or family Costa Rica vacation? You're choosing one of the best tourist destinations in the world. Costa Rica has been called the Hawaii of Central America. A Costa Rica vacation is full of beauty, lush foliage, many wildlife surprises, incredible lakes, rivers, and waterfalls.

Activities on a Costa Rica vacation include bird and butterfly watching, surfing, deep sea fishing, scuba diving, tree top (canopy) tours, four wheeling, snorkeling, shopping, hiking, river rafting, horse back riding and casinos. On a Costa Rica vacation you'll find pristine beaches, tropical jungles, clear blue skies, high mountain rain forest, and tropical sun. That's why Costa Rica was aptly named rich coast by Christopher Columbus in 1502.

Nature is Costa Rica's green card. Wildlife diversity and exceptional landscapes merge in a long list of untouched lands and protected areas that will get you involved in as many Costa Rica expedition activities and adventure sports as you can imagine.

Costa Rica is unusually blessed by the diversity of its butterflies. There exists about 20,000 butterfly species worldwide. Of these, about 1,000 or 5% can be found in Costa Rica.With more than 850 species of birds, all found within a tight geographic area, Costa Rica offers birders of all levels of expertise an unrivaled bird watching experience. Birders out on the trail in Costa Rica's forests should keep an eye out for mixed flocks foraging on certain types of food, especially fruit, in the forest canopy.

Costa Rica is home to roughly 150 species of amphibians, some of which are extremely colorful and exotic. There are tree frogs, which spend their entire lives above the forest floor, breeding in the water of tank bromeliads or in holes in the trunks of trees. Others, like the poison-arrow frog, are exuberantly colored, ranging from bright red with blue or green legs to bright green with black markings. There are over 200 species of reptiles in Costa Rica. The 14 turtle species include both marine and freshwater varieties. The largest of the marine turtles are leatherbacks. Their shells are up to 5 feet and they weigh upwards of 800 pounds! Marine turtles climb up sandy beaches to lay their eggs, a spectacular sight because it happens en masse.

Costa Rica is home to over 9,000 identified species of vascular plants, including over 900 different species of trees. Costa Rica is home to some 1,500 species of orchids. From sub-alpine dwarf vegetation, rainforest flora from sea level to mangrove swamps and seasonal dry forest with its deciduous trees, there is an astounding range of floral habitats for a country so small.

The protection of Costa Rica's natural heritage is managed by the respective national parks and reserves. These areas protect many species of mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, fresh and salt-water fish, and a vast number of identified vascular plants-representing 4% of the world's total floral and faunal species.

In addition, these management groups protect examples of almost all the existing natural habitats such as deciduous forests, mangrove swamps, rain forests, herbaceous swamps, cloud forests, paramos, hilillo forests and marshlands. They also protect areas of historical and archaeological interest, such as pre-Columbian settlements and early battlefields, as well as beautiful areas of scenic interest, such as beaches, valleys and waterfalls. But above all, the areas of particular interest to the conservationist are the zones which protect the last remaining examples of Central American dry forest and the beaches where the sea turtles nest.

The protection of Costa Rica's natural resources has implications beyond its borders because they encompass an incredible biodiversity, including numerous species on the verge of extinction. All of this is the reason the country has become one of the most popular destinations for visiting ecologists and biologists. On the whole, access to these areas and facilities are freely available provided the visitor respects the need to protect them. These protected areas are ideal for hiking and rafting, for watching the birds and other wildlife, for camping and just for enjoying in general, their rivers, beaches, jungles, mountain forests, volcanoes as well as their historic and archaeological sites.

A Costa Rica vacation is fast becoming the #1 romantic honeymoon and family vacation destination in the world. Whether it's your honeymoon or family vacation-- Exotic, Romantic and Nature-- the perfect ingredients for that special get away, what more could you ask for on your vacation. An unbeatable choice for those travelers looking for a combination of relaxation, romance and activity. The atmosphere on a Costa Rica vacation is "Pura-Vida", the pure life.

We traveled to Costa Rica on vacation in 2001. Fell in love with the people and their country. Purchased property on the last day of our vacation and built a villa in 2002. Handles villa rentals for five additional villas. Two, three, four and five bedroom villa's available, all of which are surrounded by Costa Ricas biodiversity and over looking the Pacific Ocean. Find more useful information about Costa Rica by visiting our web site.

http://www.costarica-vacation-getaway.com
info@costarica-vacation-getaway.com

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Science Project Idea To Grow Crystal

What a great way to make a science project to learn how to create crystals.

A quick and beautiful crystal formation can be processed with a few simple items. If you want to prepare this science experiment you will need to go shopping for the following items or look for some of the pieces in your home.

You will need the following:

  • 1 tall glass jar with a wide mouth. If you have a canning glass jar this would work well.
  • Boiling water
  • Copper sulfate (you can get this at a store that has agriculture products as this chemical is used for herbicide and fungicide. It usually is sold in a 50 pound large bag but you can explain to the sales person you are using it for a school science project and they probably sell you a small amount such as pound)
  • A pipe cleaner
  • A string about 1 to 2 feet long.
  • A pencil
  • Rubber gloves

Steps to create your ultimate crystal:
  1. Put your gloves on and take the pipe cleaner and form a circle and twist the ends together forming a circle.
  2. Take the string and attach the end of the string to the circle of the pipe cleaner.
  3. Squeeze the pipe cleaner slightly and twist a few times to create a different shape.
  4. Set your glass jar on the counter and place some newspaper underneath to avoid spills.
  5. Spoon a heaping tablespoon of copper sulfate into the jar.
  6. Pour about cup boiling water into the jar and stir well with a spoon.
  7. Add another heaping tablespoon of the chemical and another cup boil water. Do this until the jar is at least 2/3 full or almost full.
  8. After the water is all in you may add 1 more spoonful of copper sulfate and stir until dissolved.
  9. Tie the other end of the string to the pencil with the pipe cleaner tied to the opposing end. Make sure it is short enough so that the pipe cleaner can hang suspended in the center of the jar of water and the pencil will sit on top of the jar.
  10. Lower the pipe cleaner into the hot water and lay the pencil horizontal on top of the glass jar.
  11. Leave the jar alone for 24 hours.

In one day get the jar and remove the pencil from the water. You should see a beautiful dark blue crystal formed on the pipe cleaner. Depending on the amount of copper sulfate in the liquid will depend on the amount of crystal formed. Of course, a large amount means a large crystal and a small amount should be smaller crystals.

You can discard the liquid in a safe place. You may want a parent to dispose of it. Do not pour it down the sink.

Get more science project ideas and easy science projects at http://scienceprojects.fetching.us

Lesa Bolt is a contributor to science projects.

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Electricity Science Fair Projects

An electricity science fair project may be set up as a part of high school or college science fair or just for fun and learning. An electricity science fair project is aimed at demonstrating the major methods of generating electricity, its principles, applications and other principles such as chemical energy, electromagnetism, static electricity, resistance, etc.

For organizing an electricity science fair project, the students need three things:

1. They should have extensive theoretic knowledge of the projects they are going to build. For this purpose, they may have to consult books and encyclopedias.

2. They need the guidance and assistance of their science teachers or perhaps of external knowledgeable advisors.

3. They need certain materials like convex mirrors, reflectors, concave mirrors, insulators, conductors, light bulbs, fuses, wires, on-off switches, step-down transformers, holders, mazes, circuits, electromagnets, and many more. The pieces that they need for these types of experiments are sometimes hard to come by.

Nowadays, unlike years earlier, commercial ready-made kits are available that make the setting up of electricity science fair project easy. Though they cannot be used directly as project models, they can be used in specific electricity science fair projects. One can get basic or advanced kits for the projects, but remember, if it was available to you, it might be available to someone else. Duplicate experiments are not good for judges to see.

Some of the examples of electricity science fair projects are listed below, but are not limited to the following ones:

* Demonstrating the effects of electric fields on plants

* Carrying out experimental exploration of the photoelectric effect

* Carrying out experiments with electron diffraction

* Building models of a simple electrostatic motor, a wooden generator, a Van de Graaf generator, a wind generator, a water turbine generator, and demonstrating their operations

* Performing Faradays "Ice Pail" experiment and explaining the mechanism of electrostatic induction

* Building an electroscope and demonstrating the existence of positive and negative charges and of two kinds of materials: the insulators and the conductors

* Demonstrating how lightning is produced

* Demonstrating how light is faster than sound

* Demonstrating the role of electricity in separating a mixture of salt, sugar and pepper

* Demonstrating static electricity with the help of the jumping effect on rice flakes kept on a tabletop

* Building a working model of an electric cycle, electric tricycle and an electric car and demonstrating the involved principles

* Demonstrating the way a hydroelectric plant generates electricity with the help of water.

None of the above-mentioned electricity science fair projects need expensive or rare materials, but instead, they simply require the relatively easily available ones. Moreover, any high school student can do most of these projects under the supervision of an elder, be it parent or a teacher.

Electricity science fair projects remind us of the fact that electricity is indispensable to mankind, and can provide a good segway for the student into a high paying career in the field of electronics or electricity.

Jordan Matthews is a High School Math and Science teacher who has worked as a judge and a coordinator of many science fairs. Check his Science Fair Project ideas website for some more ideas and information about science fair projects involving electricity and other styles of projects.

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A Lunar Outpost For A Journey To Mars

In the year 2004, American President, George W. Bush, outlined goals for NASA after the completion of the International Space Station in 2010. Bush stated that " our... goal is to develop and test a new spacecraft, the Crew Exploration Vehicle, by 2008, and to conduct the first manned mission no later than 2014. The Crew Exploration Vehicle will be capable of ferrying astronauts and scientists to the Space Station after the shuttle is retired. But the main purpose of this spacecraft will be to carry astronauts beyond our orbit to other worlds. This will be the first spacecraft of its kind since the Apollo Command Module".

Bush continued: "Our next goal is to return to the Moon by 2020, as the launching point for missions beyond. Beginning no later than 2008, we will send a series of robotic missions to the lunar surface to research and prepare for future human exploration. Using the Crew Exploration Vehicle, we will undertake extended human missions to the Moon as early as 2015, with the goal of living and working there for increasingly extended periods".

The planning by NASA for the lunar mission outlined in that 2004 speech by President Bush is well underway. In fact, the plan encourages participation by other nations of the world. In addition, NASA also envisions participation by non-governmental organizations and commercial groups. NASA is interested in international participation in the project similar to the International Space Station mission.

The name of the program to return astronauts to the Moon is "Constellation". Constellation is developing new spacecraft and is expected to be fully operational by 2016. The Constellation program requires the development of launchers called Ares rockets. These Ares launchers are named for the Greek god associated with Mars. These launchers will return humans to the Moon and later take them to Mars and other destinations.

NASA's Orion spacecraft (now in development) is America's first new manned spacecraft since the space shuttle 30 years ago. Orion will be capable of carrying crew and cargo to the International Space Station after 2010. Orion will be the Earth entry vehicle for lunar and Mars returns. Orion's design will borrow its shape from the capsules of the past, but it will take advantage of modern technology in computers, electronics, life support, propulsion, and heat protection systems.

The U.S. Space Agency plans to create a solar powered, manned outpost on the Moon. The final decision concerning the location of that outpost will be made after NASA's robotic Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) begins to survey the Moon in 2008. In fact, the scheduled launch event in October of 2008 of this robotic probe (with its laser altimeter and other instruments) is a mission designed to produce an accurate global map of the Moon for all upcoming expeditions there.

However, it may be that NASA scientists already have a potential spot for a manned outpost in mind. An area that is already receiving attention by NASA's lunar architecture team is at the South Pole in a spot on the rim of Shackleton Crater. The area is almost always sunlit, but it is also adjacent to a permanently dark location. Wherever it is located, the outpost on the Moon would be built in incremental steps, starting with four person crews making several seven day visits.

It is projected that the first mission to develop the lunar outpost would begin by 2020. The base would grow over time into a lunar town, beefed up with more power, mobility rovers, and living quarters. The Moon base would eventually support 180 day lunar stays. This stretch of time is seen as the best way to establish a permanent presence there. By going to the Moon for extended periods of time, astronauts will search for resources and learn how to work safely in a harsh environment to prepare for a future human exploration of Mars.

Thirty-five years ago this week, Astronauts Gene Cernan, Ron Evans, and Jack Schmitt were early explorers on the surface of the Moon. Today, NASA is planning not only for a visit, but also for a permanent base on the surface of the Moon by astronauts in the year 2020.

The long term goal of future space exploration for NASA was outlined by President George Bush in his speech in 2004. Several years later, the planning, development and logistics of this mission are on schedule. The Constellation program has taken the initial steps to make a manned lunar outpost for a journey to Mars a future reality.

James William Smith has worked in Senior management positions for some of the largest Financial Services firms in the United States for the last twenty five years. He has also provided business consulting support for insurance organizations and start up businesses. He has always been interested in writing and listening to different viewpoints on interesting topics.

Visit his website at http://www.eworldvu.com

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